d’après l’oeuvre d’Alphonse et Julien Yèmajié, République du Bénin.
Is a road network the best way of improving access to services?
Roads are built to help people to get where they want to go. They are not the only way so planners should make sure that there are not better ways of making services more accessible for the people who use them. If it is certain that roads are a critical element then the following questions must be answered.
Which network best meets local needs for access?
If improving the road network is proved to be the best option, it remains that they are expensive to build and maintain. Selection criteria must be applied to ensure that only those likely to be the most useful are improved .
What type of road is most appropriate for the traffic using them?
Roads become more expensive as the quality of service they provide improves, that is, as traveling on them is made easier and more economical. It is unwise to make them better then is absolutely necessary because that wastes funds which could be invested in other roads.
A direct answer to this question is rarely forthcoming. Ça dépend. Many variables (what state is it in now? In what state do you want it to be?) must be accounted for in the calculations and even then a solid dose of judgement is necessary. Here, the principal factors that determine the cost are described as well as the ways they can be measured and combined to provide a cost estimate
What building and maintenance techniques are the most appropriate?
Conventional construction methods have become highly mechanized to save labour and require amounts of capital and foreign exchange which are increasingly scarce in many countries.But labour is abundant in many developing countries. It can be therefore worthwhile to use techniques which substitute local labor and provide employment at the same time.
How can management and maintenance be taught and funded
Once the network is finished, participative structures to finance, manage and carry out maintenance must also be put in place, If not, under the combined effects of traffic and weather, the roads will rapidly revert to impassibility and the effort and investment put into them will be lost.
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